Clinical studies, pain and ethics.

As BLIS provides equivalent analgesia, this may allow for decreased reliance on opioids in the immediate postoperative period.

Oral gabapentin at the dose and frequency studied did not improve subjective or objective outcome measures.

Many practices still do not consistently utilise pain scales to assess pain in dogs and cats

Local sustained release of CXB is less suitable to treat acute inflammation in arthritic joints.

It provides basic and practical information with an extensive reference list to guide those who want to further their knowledge on pain management.

Dogs treated with CMNR had slower improvement.