Kinematic analysis of maximal movement initiation in Greyhounds.

Background   Sprinting, jumping, stopping, turning and movement initiation produce the highest forces and largest ranges of motion in the canine gait, yet very little is known about them. Objective  The purpose of this study was to develop a general kinematic sequencing of maximal movement initiation of Greyhounds using joint angles and a segmental diagram. Design  Seven Greyhounds conducted maximal movement initiation trials on a vegetated surface by chasing a lure. A high-speed kinematic analysis was conducted to evaluate joint angles (cervical, shoulder, elbow, carpus, hip, stifle and tarsus). Results  A sequence of the movement was developed and included a kinematic description at seven events: (1) standing, (2) set position, (3) front paw touch down, (4) rear paw take-off, (5) front paw take-off, (6) rear paw touchdown and (7) second front paw touchdown. In addition, canine segmental figures were generated for each of the seven events for a visual reference of segmental alignment. Conclusions  Sequencing provides an understanding of movement initiation in Greyhounds. The kinematic data helps fill the void in the scientific literature with regard to movement initiation in a naturalistic environment. Clinical relevance  These values will help the veterinary community understand the kinematics of maximal movement initiation so that training, conditioning, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation can be precisely directed to achieve the goal of optimal performance and properly returning dogs to athletic, recreational or working activities.