Ultrasonographic examination of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in horses: Part A: Technique and normal images

The collateral ligaments (CL) of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) are important structures for DIPJ stability. Collateral ligament injuries must be considered in the differential diagnosis of foot pain. An accurate examination of the CL-DIPJ can be performed with an adequate ultrasonographic technique and equipment. This paper describes the technique and normal ultrasonographic images as reference data for the diagnosis and documentation of CL-DIPJ desmopathies and enthesopathies.