Elbow

CERO surgery may have application for acute correction of axial radial or ulnar incongruency

A feasible option that allowed accurate transcondylar screw placement and orientation

CT, rather than arthroscopy, has been considered the preferred noninvasive technique to assess MCD lesions of the canine elbow joint in the study

Lesions observed were most consistent with synovial osteochondromatosis secondary to degenerative joint disease

An accurate estimation of the extent of the elbow cartilage lesions still requires arthroscopic joint inspection

FCP should be considered a cause of thoracic limb lameness in these dogs. Arthroscopy can be safely and effectively used for diagnosis and treatment.

Transient, dyssynchronous growth of the radius and ulna may be a risk factor for development of MCD in Bernese Mountain dogs

The values established could be used as a reference for surgical treatment of angular deformities, malunions, non-unions, comminuted fractures, and future orthopaedic research

It should be considered a clinical disease distinct from dysplasia-related fragmentation

Medial compartment disease is not homogenous and pattern recognition may assist further investigation of etiopathogenesis