Osteoarthritis

Canine patients would benefit from earlier surgical intervention.

Lameness may be scored after gait evaluation in dogs with elbow OA irrespective of the timing of a comprehensive orthopedic examination.

This review suggests that in animal models, structural onset of knee OA occurs either in bone prior to cartilage pathology or simultaneously.

The results provide proof-of-concept that established joint stiffness can be resolved non-surgically

An intra-articular injection of chloramphenicol may reduce degeneration of articular cartilage.

Jaccoud’s arthropathy in humans with systemic lupus erythematosus may represent a homologous presentation.

Further research is needed before intravenous mesenchymal stem cells can be recommended as a treatment for elbow osteoarthritis in dogs.

The high variances in PTA measurement in less experienced observers may influence the clinical outcome of surgery.

The spontaneous OA dog model has a key role in developing successful treatments for translational medicine.

NCM has potential in a regenerative therapy for disc degeneration, and warrants additional in vivo studies.