The values established could be used as a reference for surgical treatment of angular deformities, malunions, non-unions, comminuted fractures, and future orthopaedic research
If zero femoral elevation can be achieved for radiography, the lateral distal femoral angle measurements do not vary much with mild femoral rotation (±5°)
Toy Poodles with grade 4 medial patellar luxation had significant femoral varus deformity, medial displacement of the tibial tuberosity, internal torsion of the proximal tibia, and hypoplasia of the patella.
The iliac horizontal diameter is the recommended variable and maximum obturator foramen width is an acceptable variable in order to evaluate slight pelvic rotation